FDA to Parents: Avoid Putting Sunscreen on Infants if Possible, Instead Opting for Shade
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FDA to Parents: Avoid Putting Sunscreen on Infants if Possible, Instead Opting for Shade

Baby’s skin is much thinner than that of older children and adults, and it absorbs chemical ingredients in sunscreen more easily

August 6, 2025

When the summer sun beats down on North Carolina beaches, poolsides and playgrounds, parents instinctively reach for the sunscreen. But for infants under six months, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration now cautions that extensive use of lotion sunscreens may carry risks. Baby skin has a high surface-area-to-body-weight ratio and a thinner epidermal barrier, allowing chemical filters to penetrate more deeply. Wherever possible, experts recommend keeping little ones in the shade, using physical barriers and relying on protective clothing rather than routine sunscreen application.

Infant Skin and Sunscreen Risks

Infant skin differs markedly from that of older children and adults. A newborn’s stratum corneum, the outermost skin layer—is only two to three cell layers thick, compared to up to twenty in adults. Early research showed that chemical filters such as oxybenzone, avobenzone and octocrylene can be absorbed into the bloodstream at higher concentrations in infants, potentially affecting hormone systems in development. Since 2021, the FDA has continued to evaluate pediatric safety data, confirming that while approved sunscreens remain generally safe for adults, infant absorption warrants caution and minimized topical exposure.

FDA Recommendations and Recent Updates

In its latest guidance issued March 2025, the FDA advises against routine sunscreen use on infants younger than six months. Instead, parents should seek shade during peak ultraviolet (UV) hours, between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.—and dress babies in sun-protective clothing. If no shade is available and unavoidable sun exposure occurs, apply a mineral-based sunscreen with at least SPF 15 containing non-nano zinc oxide or titanium dioxide to small, high-exposure areas such as cheeks and the back of hands. Test a pea-size amount on the inner wrist and wait 24 hours to check for irritation before broader application.

Opt for Shade and UV-Protective Clothing

Natural shade under trees, umbrellas or pop-up canopies offers the best UV defense. The North Carolina Division of Public Health’s SunSafe NC program recommends UV-blocking strollers with built-in canopies and portable pop-up tents for playgrounds and beaches. Lightweight, UPF-rated fabrics (UPF 50+) provide excellent protection: long-sleeve onesies, full-coverage swim shirts, wide-brimmed hats and leg coverings. Look for garments labeled ASTM D6603 certified for UV protection, widely available through retailers and local outdoor outfitters.

When Sunscreen Is Necessary

For infants older than six months, regular sunscreen use becomes appropriate as part of a multi-layered sun-safety plan. The American Academy of Pediatrics and UNC Health pediatric dermatologists recommend mineral-based (physical) sunscreens over chemical filters for sensitive skin. Apply a nickel-sized dollop to cheeks, nose, shoulders and the tops of feet 15 minutes before sun exposure, then reapply every two hours or after water play. Avoid aerosol sprays, which can lead to inhalation; choose creams or sticks instead.

Dress and Cover Up

Beyond sunscreen, cover those delicate baby shoulders and arms with rash guards, lightweight pants and sun hats featuring neck flaps. Cotton and linen blends dry quickly and breathe well in North Carolina’s humid climate. Strap-on swim mitts keep small hands protected, and UV-blocking swaddles or blankets provide a cozy canopy for naps outdoors. Sunglasses with ANSI Z80.3 certification guard under-eye skin and developing retinas.

Hydration and Heat Safety

In 2024, North Carolina saw record heat indices above 105°F in inland and coastal counties alike. Infants cannot regulate their body temperature as efficiently as older children. Offer breast milk or formula regularly; it provides necessary fluids and electrolytes. For babies over six months, small amounts of cooled boiled water may be added between feedings. Watch for signs of heat stress, red, hot skin; lethargy; fewer wet diapers—and move indoors or into shade at the first sign of distress.

Monitoring UV Exposure

Modern smartphone apps such as UVLens, EPA’s SunWise UV Index and local forecasts from the North Carolina Emergency Management Office allow parents to plan outdoor activities around lower UV risk periods. The UV Index map for Raleigh, Charlotte and Asheville warns when UV levels exceed 6 (“high”) and 8 (“very high”). Schedule walks and outdoor play for early morning or late afternoon, and use sun-safe reminders on wearable baby devices to prompt shade breaks.

Reporting Adverse Reactions

If your baby develops a rash, swelling or any unusual symptoms after sunscreen use, discontinue immediately and rinse gently with lukewarm water and mild soap. Report chemical sensitivities or product failures to the FDA’s MedWatch program at fda.gov/medwatch. For urgent concerns, severe allergic reactions, eye irritation or suspected ingestion—contact the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222. North Carolina pediatricians also encourage parents to notify their child’s primary care provider or local health department.

North Carolina Resources

  • SunSafe NC (NCDPH): Sunscreen testing, shade planning tools and UPF clothing guidelines, ncdph.gov/sunsafe
  • North Carolina Poison Control Center: 24/7 hotline for exposures, 1-800-222-1222
  • UNC Health Pediatrics – Dermatology: Infant skin consultations, uncpediatrics.org/dermatology
  • NC Department of Health and Human Services: Heat stress alerts and hydration tips, ncdhhs.gov/heat-safety
  • SunWise UV Index: Real-time UV forecasts for NC cities, epa.gov/sunwise
  • NC Pediatric Society: Guidance on infant sun protection, ncpeds.org/sun-safety

Key Takeaways

  • Keep infants under six months in shade; use canopies and UPF-rated clothing instead of routine sunscreen.
  • When necessary, apply non-nano zinc oxide or titanium dioxide SPF 15+ sparingly to small areas after a patch test.
  • Maintain a 10–12-inch distance from direct sun and schedule outdoor time during lower UV Index hours.
  • Hydrate infants frequently with breast milk, formula or cooled boiled water to prevent heat stress and dehydration.
  • Monitor for skin reactions; report adverse events to FDA MedWatch or NC Poison Control.
  • Leverage North Carolina resources, SunSafe NC, UNC Health pediatric dermatology, and local health departments—for guidance and support.

By prioritizing shade, sun-protective clothing and mindful sunscreen use, North Carolina families can safeguard their infants’ delicate skin while enjoying the outdoors safely. Stay alert to local UV forecasts and heed FDA and pediatrician advice to keep your little ones healthy under the Carolina sun.